Black Widow Spiders :: Biology Biological Spiders Research Spider Essays

Grown-up dark widow bugs have a sparkling, dark, adjusted, round midsection and are around 1/3 inch long (around 1-1/2 inches when their legs are spread). Grown-up bugs have two rosy or yellowish triangles on their base which it would appear that an hourglass checking, and their body shading is dim hued normally dark or now and then dim earthy colored. They are generally perceived due to their red or red-orange hourglass structure on the base of their mid-region. This design is variable and may look like two isolated spots. In certain creepy crawlies there is no example on the mid-region. The youthful phases of both genders of the widow insects have red or red-orange or yellow spots and strips on the top of their midsection. Females are hued dark or pale earthy colored. Their shading gets darker as they get more established. The hourglass design on the underside of the midsection shapes all through their turn of events. Male widow creepy crawlies are littler around 1/4 inch long, and they're generally not dark in general shading, it would appear that a light earthy colored or dim. Male widows have an hourglass design as well. At the point when they are full-developed they have enormous handle like shapes called pedipalps, which start from the head. Be that as it may, to females they despite everything look the same. Recently brought forth spiderlings are white or a yellowish-white, in the long run turning blackish when they get more seasoned. Young people of both genders resemble the male. Dark Widow creepy crawlies assemble free and lopsided work type networks of unpleasant silk in dull places typically outside. What's more, form their networks close to the ground (some of the time within houses) however for the most part they construct them outside. Dark Widows can be found close to the ground in dim undisturbed zones. Home locales are close to gaps made by little creatures, or around development openings and heaps of wood. Additionally they can be found around low bushes which are common destinations for widow creepy crawlies. Dark widows are likewise found inside in dim undisturbed regions like behind furnishings or under work areas and in undisturbed storm cellar zones also, slither spaces of homes are zones where dark widow homes are. They don't produce a web like the weaving bugs do or the channel design networks that the pipe weaver creepy crawly's make. The female lays eggs in smooth cover sacs around 1/2-inch in width. The sack is a pear formed, and is a velvety yellow, light dim, or light earthy colored in shading. They generally lay around 300 to 400 eggs for each sac and have 4 to 9 egg

What is the value of play to promoting children's all round learning Essay

What is the estimation of play to advancing youngsters' inside and out learning and advancement - Essay Example Playing includes a lot of things. It could be playing with individual youngsters, playing with toys, a kid playing without anyone else as well as playing with grown-ups like a parent or educator. Playing is done a ton when an individual is youthful and the games played go with stages for example as the kid becomes more seasoned the sort of play changes with each phase that the youngster is developing, these phases of playing open a kid to additional opportunities and encounters. Since Child play is a widespread subject, numerous researchers have tended to the issue of play and have created hypotheses regarding the matter. Pioneers in adolescence and furthermore cutting edge researchers have additionally broadly examined the subject and repeated on its significance in learning and advancement. Governments have likewise ensured that play has been joined in the school educational program. It will likewise be essential to take a gander at how the universal point of view on youngster play has affected different enactments to be joined into the instruction educational program. It will likewise be critical to take a gander at the pivotal job that grown-ups play (Burton 2002). As of late individuals have gotten occupied and working on more tightly plans. Kids have not been saved and increasingly scholastic desires are being requested from them. It is for this case play has been remembered for the educational plan to furnish kids with an outlet. Play is an extra curricular action that helps students, particularly small kids, to discharge pressure and tension that originates from a general public that is right now requesting a lot from them. Aside from this, play helps for the most part in the advancement of a youngster both intellectually and truly and furthermore from multiple points of view that help that kid to learn. Being developed, play encourages a youngster to turn out to be truly solid or fit, up until the kid can slither, playing guarantees that the kid builds up a solid physical make-up. It likewise goes about as a type of much required activities, games like running

Current Events Roundup, September COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Current Events Roundup, September COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We are currently in week four of the Fall 2018 semester, and its already been a busy four weeks for fellow Seeple students. Between the General Assembly this week, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez visiting Columbia to speak with Professor Joseph Stiglitz and SIPAs Director of the Technologies Specialization, Anya Schiffrin, and the Rise of the Rest Entrepreneurship  Across America event, there have been plenty of things to discuss and attend. Below is a roundup of some notable September events: The UN General Assembly The UN General Assembly is certainly an eventful time in New York. Aside from the  bumper to bumper traffic and multiple street closures that take over Midtown East, it is one of the few instances where there is such a high concentration of world leaders in New York City at once. This is, of course, a significant point of interest for SIPA students, who in addition to taking geographic advantage are able to participate in the many intersections of SIPA and the United Nations, including classes and events. This year, the General Assembly has been an especially notable one, much of the conversations will center around three key issues: the Rohingya crisis, Syria, and the Iran Nuclear Deal. The UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres called for an implementation of the Paris climate change agreement. Coverage of the UN General Assembly has varied, but a few key moments have stood out, in particular, the President of The United States decision to not meet with Iranian President Hassan Rouh ani, among other things. Either way, SIPA students have been busy discussing the General Assembly and keeping a close eye as it will continue to be a key topic in classrooms through the semester. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez visits Columbia University   On June 26th, 2018 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez became a household name as a Congressional candidate who won the Democratic primary in New Yorks 14th Congressional District and beat the incumbent Congressman, Joe Crowley. On September 24th, 2018  she joined Columbia Business School Professor and Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz and SIPAs Director of the Technologies Specialization, Anya Schiffrin at the Roone Arledge Auditorium at the Riverside Church for a discussion panel. Students were able to attend and ask questions. Much of the conversation centered around grassroots efforts and Ocasio-Cortez spoke of an increasingly mobilized progressive base and encouraged students to engage in on-campus activism. She also spoke to the Democratic partys increasing isolation of marginalized communities. She stated that it was important for Democrats to engage minority voters through a renewed commitment to their communities. SIPA students were also in attendance. The Rise of the Rest Entrepreneurship Across America   On September 12th, 2018 Dean Merit E. Janow, Steve Case, and Secretary Jacob J. Lew sat down for a fireside-chat discussion on entrepreneurship in America. Case, Chairman, and CEO of Revolution and the Co-founder of AOL talked about his Rise of the Rest initiative to support entrepreneurship across America. Secretary Lew spoke of policy changes to encourage entrepreneurship, improving immigration policies, for example, can promote entrepreneurship given the high percentage of immigrant founders. They also touched on the impact of a healthy economy on the development of ideas as long as ideas are strong and people are motivated, the health of the economy becomes less important. The fireside chat ended with a discussion on the regulation of online businesses is it possible to apply the same levels of regulations that are applied to brick and mortar businesses?

The stories of Decameron IV, 1 5 and Decameron V, 4 have...

The stories of Decameron IV, 1 5 and Decameron V, 4 have contrasting endings. The disparities of the endings are due to the relationship between social classes and family acceptance. These significant factors led to Decameron IV, 1 5 having a tragic ending. These two stories involved lovers being separated by family members due to social rankings. In Decameron V, 4 the opposite occurred; the father accepted the relationship because the family of the individual was distinguished in society. Decameron IV, 1 consisted of the love story of Ghismunda, a young widow that found a lover, named Guiscardo. Tancredi, the father of Ghismunda, discovers the relationship that his daughter is having with Guiscardo and knows he must punish them. In†¦show more content†¦She dies of grief when her brother takes away the vase. In contrast to these two stories ending tragically, Decameron V, 4 the love story of Caterina and Ricciardo ends on a fortunate note. Caterina’s father, Messer Lizio finds Caterina and Ricciardo naked in bed; contrary to expectations Messer Lizio didn’t become outraged as he by this and reacts with composure. Messer Lizio tells his wife, â€Å"Ricciardo is a noble and a rich young man; we have only to gain from such a match. If he wishes to leave this house with my blessing, he will have to marry her first; thus he shall have put his nightingale into his own cage and not into anybody else’s!† Caterina’s love affair with Ricciardo resulted in a marriage. This was due to Ricciardo having noble standards in society and the family acceptance from Caterina’s parents. The parasitic relationship between love and death is common to the first two stories as we see social ranking and family acceptance resulting in unsuccessful relationships. Society playing a

Compare And Contrast Juvenile Delinquency Prevention

It is a common believe that adolescents require a special system thru which be processed because they are â€Å"youth who are in a transitional stage of development†¦young offenders that are neither innocent children nor mature adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nelson, 2012). Because juveniles are in a process of constant development sociologically, psychologically and physiologically, the juvenile court system focuses on alternative sentences and the creation of programs that will offer them rehabilitation instead of incarceration. However, in cases of extraordinary circumstances, the juvenile system shifts from looking at rehabilitation as a first choice to accountability and punishment (Read, n.d). All levels of society are collectively involved in delinquency†¦show more content†¦It involves the participation of families, and communities as well as police and courts. Home confinement and electronic monitoring description (for the purpose of this paper it will be implied that whenever referring to home confinement, electronic monitoring will be part of it): Home confinement is often a resource used by the United States Department of Justice to facilitate supervision of the offender during pretrial and probation (Hofer Meierhofer, 1987, p 7). It facilitates the pretrial process because it ensures the offender will fulfill his or her responsibility to court because the juvenile’s very movements are being electronically monitored. In addition, it facilitates probation compliance because it requires the offender to remain in his or her abode. However, home confinement is not limited to keeping the offender at home at all times. It is an intensive supervision program that varies in the strictness of supervision depending on the type of offender. This alternative to incarceration can be easily modified to allow juveniles to attend school, go to work, attend recreational or extracurricular activities, etc. Home confinement has three different levels of restrictions: Curfew, home detention and home incarceration. Curfew, obliges offenders to be at their home during specific hours. Home Detention is more severe than curfew. It offers greater control over the offender and it requiresShow MoreRelatedWhy People Commit The Crime Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesCriminological theory is the explanation of criminal behavior, as well as the behavior of juveniles, attorneys, prosecutors, judges, correctional personnel, victims, and other actors in the criminal justice process. Criminological theory is important because most of what is done in criminal justice is based on criminological theory, whether we or the people who propose and implement policies based on the theory know it or not. In criminology, examining why people commit the crime is very importantRead MoreEarly Intervention and Juvenile Delinquency Prevention: Evidence from the Chicago Longitudinal Study2633 Words   |  11 PagesEarly Intervention and Juvenile Delinquency Prevention: Evidence from the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS) (Mann, E. A., Reynolds, A. J., 2006). The Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS) was a quasi-experimental design study which investigated the role of Child-Parent Center (CPC), early education intervention (independent variable) and child, family, peer and school-level predictors on court-reported juvenile delinquency (dependent variable). The predictor variables used have been supported throughRead More The Development of Childhood Throughout History Essay3065 Words   |  13 Pageswere rarely enforced, and many children continued to be subjected to unfair treatment. (Siegel 15) Before the 20th Century children were treated with extreme cruelty in the home, school and by law enforcement. 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Define â€Å"turning point.† -involves a gradual or dramatic change which may lead to a modification, reshaping, or transition from one state, condition, or phase to another 3. Describe the various explanations for the age of desistance from crime. As age increasesRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems1878 Words   |  8 PagesSimilarities and Differences in Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems When a juvenile is arrested and charged with committing a crime there are many different factors that will come in to play during the course of his arrest, trial, conviction, sentencing, and rehabilitation process. In the past we tried all criminals as adults. There was no distinction made between adult and child. Over the years we have come to realize the need to separate these two groups, as they are two distinctly differentRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Counselling, Clinical, And School Psychology1502 Words   |  7 Pagesquality of life. 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Its potential findings could be applicable to those who are currently or have been incarcerated in the United States prison system. Mindsets A relatively

Madness in Hamlet Free Essays

DRAFT- NOT MLA-LACKS FORMATTING/REFERENCES Hamlet-Melancholy, Madness and Sanity Hamlet, a play by William Shakespeare, is as much a mystery as a tale about depression, madness and sanity. Shakespeare reveals how the scourge of corruption and decay rapidly spread; and the emotional consequences that follow. Insanity, madness and depression are as intolerable as corruption and deceit; and just as intertwined. We will write a custom essay sample on Madness in Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now The play makes one ponder if it is possible to be sane in an insane world full of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption? By examining the themes of melancholy, madness and sanity in Hamlet, Shakespeare details his character’s descent from depression to madness. Additionally, Hamlet’s psychological state can be analyzed by utilizing modern psychological diagnoses, in order to understand his mental state. Throughout the story, Hamlet exists in a melancholy state, â€Å"essentially not in madness, / But mad in craft† (3. 4. 204-205). Hamlet states to Horatio â€Å"as I perchance hereafter shall think meet/ To put an antic disposition on† in order to deceive the king that he is insane (Act I, Scene V, Line 190). However, was Hamlet acting or was he already mentally disturbed? Did Hamlet go mad in the end, or was Hamlet insane from the start of the play, and his mental condition only worsened as the play unfolded? The world in which Hamlet existed appears hostile. The king is a murderer; his mother the queen lusts after her deceased husband’s brother; friends spy and deceive one another; and Hamlet’s lover Ophelia literally loses touch with reality. Hamlet believes that only suicide can free him from his misery. Hamlet is not the only person struggling with depression. From the beginning, Francisco says, â€Å"’Tis bitter cold, / And I am sick at heart†. Marcellus states that â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (). Fear is spread by the ghost of King Claudius wandering the city streets. Reoccurring themes of corruption result in Hamlet stating â€Å"The dram of evil / Doth all the noble substance of a doubt / To his own scandal† (Shakespeare 51). One evil person can contaminate an entire kingdom. As the kingdom decays, emotional trauma increases. Hamlet concludes that the world â€Å"’Tis an unweeded garden / that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature / Possess it merely ( ). The weeds represent decay in a world of evil and sin. The â€Å"things† are symbolic of man and his temporary dominance over himself, his fellow man and nature. Pessimism permeates the screenplay and the reader is led to connect the dysfunction with the resulting mental states of depression that infect Hamlet. Hamlet’s psychological status can also be analyzed from a modern perspective. Today we have the diagnostic tools to identify and treat the disorders that afflicted Hamlet. Though Hamlet presents as melancholy throughout the play, there are three additional disorders that afflict Hamlet including post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar depression. Three traumatic events contribute to Hamlet’s descent into madness: the death of his father, the incestuous marriage between his uncle and mother, and the discovery of his father’s murder by Claudius. These emotional traumas contributed to Hamlet suffering from what we would now diagnose as Post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the inability to properly construct emotional appropriate responses to situations and an emotional blunting. Throughout the play, Hamlet had issues with people in his social circle. Hamlet becomes enraged with Laertes because of his dramatic sorrow over the death of Ophelia (Act V, Scene I). Soon thereafter, Hamlet realizes his reaction to Laertes was inappropriate and later apologizes to Laertes. Hamlet demonstrates impulsive behavior and lashes out at people without considering the ramifications. In addition to Laertes, Ophelia, Hamlet’s beloved, is also not immune to his rage. Hamlet is susceptible to highly reactive emotional responses, and suicidal ideation is mentioned throughout the play. Symptoms of PTSD often include changes in self-perception, relationship stressors, and frequently revenge fantasies. Hamlet’s emotional state deteriorates over the duration of the play. These changes include increased helplessness and the inability to make decisions as he becomes more ill. Hamlet exhibits other PTSD symptoms. Hamlet feels inferior to Fortinbras and Horatio, and in his attempts to kill Claudius. Hamlet also isolates himself and becomes more paranoid as the play progresses. Not that being paranoid would be an inappropriate emotional response to the environment he is in, but his paranoia takes over. Eventually Hamlet becomes obsessed with revenge after he is compelled by his father’s ghost to avenge his death. Symptoms of schizophrenia also present in Hamlet. The symptoms of schizophrenia can include hallucinations, isolation from others, a loss of reality and paranoia. While berating his mother about her rapid remarriage, suddenly Hamlet begins addressing an invisible specter. â€Å"What would your gracious figure? [QUEEN] Alas, he’s mad! † (Act III, Scene IV, Line 116-117). Hamlet has visions, or hallucinations, of his dead father’s ghost. The ghost was seen once by Horatio and some guards at the start of the play, but not by anyone else. The appearance of the ghost may have been reality or a hallucination. However, the second ghost to appear, tha t only Hamlet could see and hear, was confirmation of Hamlet’s insanity. Schizophrenia is often symptomatic with visual, but more commonly auditory hallucinations. After the death of Hamlet’s father, Hamlet began to withdraw and became reclusive in nature. He didn’t combat be forced to leave to boarding school, he spent less time with Ophelia, and he became very isolated. Hamlet appears to have been in the initial stages of schizophrenia where the real and unreal become blurred, but he is not yet incapacitated by his disorder prior to his murder. Perhaps if he didn’t die young the disease would have progressed. Even Polonius questioned Hamlet’s state-of-mind when he said, â€Å"How pregnant sometimes his replies are – a happiness that often madness hits on† (Act II, Scene II, Lines 213-215). Throughout the play, evidence of bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) is identified. It is hard to distinguish if Hamlet is bipolar or having a schizophrenic break since both diseases have common behavioral features. Bipolar disorder is known for manic or escalated behaviors coupled with severe depression when the mania recedes. Manic behaviors include pressured (or rapid) speech, grandiose beliefs, insomnia, and hyper or frantic behavior, followed by periods of extreme anergic depression that is emotionally and physically debilitating. Hamlet escalates between periods of excitement and kinetic activity to states of absolute misery and unproductivity. Hamlet procrastinates, but it may be due to the depressive period he cycles in and out of. Hamlet’s soliloquies all contain themes of suicide and hopelessness (depression), but his manic states are more difficult to define. Hamlet creates a plan to prove Claudius’s guilt while justifying his own rage and revenge. When Hamlet discovers that the players are coming to the castle, he rapidly goes from melancholy to a state of over-excitement. He becomes highly focused and implements a detailed plan to kill Claudius. Hamlet quickly abandons his plan and slips back into his depression (sparing Claudius). If Hamlet was able to execute all of the schemes and plans he devises, the play would be chaotic. Another incident suggests another bipolar episode when Hamlet, on the boat to England, facilitates the execution of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern; and also plans an attack on a pirate ship for revenge. Grandiose thoughts are a common feature while in a manic phase. Hamlet quickly forgets or fails to follow through with his plan and falls back into a depressive state. Hamlet’s manic depression is referred to as rapid cycling because the mania and depressive states change quickly. Ultimately, Hamlet may not be procrastinating at all like is assumed throughout the play. Hamlet may be incapable of fulfilling his grandiose plans while in a depressive state. In Hamlet’s time people had no concept of mental illness or mood disorders. People believed that behavior was deliberate and labeled unacceptable behaviors as character defects. Hamlet was a deeply disturbed individual. Author Gertrude Morin suggests that a cognitive approach be used to understand Hamlet. Hamlet, Morin says, is â€Å"a portrayal of a tortured, depressed young man who loses his way in the labyrinth of his negative thoughts. He not only suffered from negativity, mania and depression; the environment in which he lived was highly dysfunctional for anyone’s mental health, let alone an ill man. At the beginning of the play, Hamlet is depressed but the events that develop during the play exacerbate his descent into madness. Not many people in the Kingdom of Denmark escape the toxicity of the world in which they lived. Ophelia may have suffered the most, and was also tormented by Hamlet’s illness, and eventually by saw no other option but to end her life. Depression and despair seemingly became as contagious as the small pox- and just as untreatable. Hamlet’s mental state and the events in his life may have finally drove him to madness. The reader may first believe that Hamlet is faking his dementia, when in fact, his mental dysfunctions were both organic (of biological origin)and very real. Among the mentally ill it is common to see a mentally vulnerable individual succumb to the pressures of his environment. That person may have been able to keep their illness in check in a stable environment, but when external stressors mount- they may not have the coping behaviors to cope and they escalate out of control. Suicide, in our modern world, is often a result of life stressors the vulnerable person could no longer manage. Had Hamlet not been murdered, his suicidal impulses may have caused him to self destruct. Psychiatry was just emerging as a science during the time Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. Robert Burton, the most famous author on melancholy from the Renaissance, first published his Anatomy of Melancholy in 1621. Burton, who was afflicted with melancholy himself suggested treatments â€Å"from taking hellebore to boring a hole in the skull to let out the ‘fuliginous vapours,’† while adding his consolations (Burton ). Had Hamlet received the services of Burton, it is probable that if the hellebore didn’t work, the hole in the skull would have left Hamlet disabled or dead. In conclusion, the question persists: Is it possible to be sane in an insane world full of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption? It appears that the majority of people is somewhat resilient and can cope with adversity to a certain degree. However, there are people like Ophelia and Hamlet who are vulnerable to chaotic conditions. These people tend to internalize the trauma and don’t have the coping mechanisms to deal with intense emotional situations. It is fascinating that Shakespeare had the insight to connect intolerable conditions with states of mental vulnerability. ‘Madness’ was a catch-all term for all mental disorders in Shakespeare’s time, but through his dialogue and scenery, he was able to identify numerous mental states of dysfunction- centuries before we had terminology to describe these illnesses in diagnostic terms. Shakespeare’s acuity in describing a mentally-ill prince is why Hamlet has endured over time. The issues, diseases, desires, fears and dreams remain constant over time among humanity. To be, or not to be’ will always be relevant in more ways than life and death. Our views on mental illness and physical ailments that relate to Melancholia are endless, and therefore so is our application of each possibility to Shakespeare’s work of Hamlet. Sources: Diagnostic Manual DMV-IV Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. Ed. Floyd Dell and Paul JordanSmith, NewYork: Tudor Publishing Co. , 1941. Morin, Gertrude. â€Å"Depression and Negative Thinking: A Cognitive Approach to Hamlet. † Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 25. 1 (1992): 112. How to cite Madness in Hamlet, Essay examples

Mattel and Toy Safety free essay sample

Case Analysis: Mattel and Toy Safety Introduction Mattel Corporation is the largest toy company in the world, a publicly traded organization with a market capitalization of over $6. 5 billion, employing approximately 36,000 people worldwide in 42 countries. Their products are sold in 150 nations (mattel. com). In the summer of 2007, Mattel suffered a major product recall incident. The first recall was the result of vendor failure in China where traces of lead paint were discovered on 83 different products. This led to a recall of 1. 5 million items worldwide. The products contained levels of lead paint that failed the products’ specification. Mattel even announced that a significant portion of the toys were recalled because of a design flaw and not substandard manufacturing. During this crisis, Mattel contacted their chief suppliers and asked them to pull the recalled products from the shelf. One of Mattel’s contract manufacturers in China bankrupted because of the recall issue, and the plant owner committed suicide. We will write a custom essay sample on Mattel and Toy Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In contrast, Mattel restricted the damage to its reputation to a bare minimum with effective public relations methods. Mattel also established a new corporate responsibility organization, and its crisis management methods gave the company maximum protection from the crisis. Question 1 Do you believe that Mattel acted in a socially responsible and ethical manner with regard to the safety of its toys? Why or why not? What should or could Mattel have done differently, if anything? I believe that Mattel acted in a socially responsible and ethical manner regarding the safety issue in 2007. According to the case study and given factors, Mattel has always held a reputation of being a good corporate citizen. By that, we should understand that Mattel has always been recognized as a corporation with strong social, cultural and environmental responsibilities to the community. In fact, Mattel has proved to be concerned about safety issues and USA standard regulations for its products. As described in the case study, after learning about the problem, Mattel Inc. made some improvements to their Global Manufacturing Principle (a detailed code of conduct made to cover both Mattel’s factories and those of its contractors and suppliers) to ensure product quality and safety in accordance with the regulations and standards criteria in the USA. To the society, the company is not using any child labor or forced labor. The company stated that it does not tolerate discrimination. The employees should be hired according to their ability to complete the job, not their beliefs or characteristics. The company also began a special investigation, and two weeks later called the first of three recalls on different products. In other words, the company acknowledged the issues and corrected those by recalling the harmful products and enhancing society as well as forgoing profits by doing so. Mattels product safety issue undermines the corporate social responsibility (CSR) issue in three perspectives: quality control, not acting beyond complaints, and disclosure of information. Therefore, I strongly believe that Mattel Corporation has acted in order to preserve the ethical principles where preservation and continuation of organized life is a must. Question 2 Who or what do you believe was responsible for the fact that children were exposed to potentially dangerous toys? In the case of Mattel, the company and its Chinese subcontractors should have simultaneously and corporately examined the product quality. However, people know that toys with extra lead and non-standardized magnetic batteries are under the brand name of Mattel, not that of the small Chinese contractors. However, in the end, in my opinion, both Mattel Corporation and government play a big role in responsibility for the fact that children were exposed to potentially dangerous toys. The primary concern of a corporate citizen, which Mattel is known as, is to provide safe products to their final customer: children. If a company fails to deliver safe products to their customer, government has to act and in a timely manner to avoid harmful toys being sold in the USA in compliance with American regulations. In my opinion, government and company are both guilty for the danger of the toys made in China, even knowing that the contractor in China was responsible for exposing children to a high level of lead in the paint of the toys. It should be a primary concern of a corporate citizen and government to protect their populations against imported products which disrespect the local regulations where products are sold. Question 3 What is the best way to ensure the safety of children’s toys? In responding, please consider how the following groups would answer this question: government regulators (In USA and China); consumer advocates; the toy industry; children’s products retailers; and standard-setting organizations. What might explain the differences in their points of view? It is everyone’s responsibility to protect children from unsafe toys. Under federal law, manufacturers must report all claims of potentially hazardous product defects within 24 hours. Because of these alleged unsafe practices, manufacturers are scrambling to ensure public confidence in the safety of their toys that are made in the United States and, of course, those made in China. Because of this, Chinas product chief should assure that the toys made in their laboratories will be safer, better and more appealing. On the other hand, the Toy Industry Association should work with the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to find new regulations that require more stringent safety checks. The CPSC has granted Mattels request to use their own labs for testing as long as they are under federal law to recall any items contaminated by lead. Most importantly, parents shouldnt assume that toys are necessarily safe just because these new regulations are in place. In order to minimize any risk of injury, parents should be educated on the hazards of recalled toys as some may still be on shelves of toy stores. The best way to ensure the safety of children’s toys would be for Mattel to make safety its number one priority by creating and producing toys that will not harm children. Additionally and most importantly, they have to establish trust in their products for consumers by employing strict standards from product design to manufacture up to distribution of their products. In order for the stakeholders to ensure the society that their products are safe for children, they have to apply internal operating procedures that are designed to meet or exceed regulation compliance or laws that are enforced by the U. S. CPSC and regulatory counterparts around the world. In addition, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers have legal responsibility for making sure they do not sell dangerous toys. However, safety standards and regulations cannot cover every situation, and among the thousands of toys entering the marketplace each year, some unsafe toys are likely to reach the consumer. Careful toy selection and proper supervision of children is still and always will be the best way to protect children from toy-related injuries. The difference in each point of view is [the occupation of each group play a role in concerning about children safety? . Although stakeholders, the toy industry, and children’s product retailers need to act ethically and responsibly, the final interest of this group is to make and/or increase their profit. Parents want the best for their children, and the final interest is safety as well as the health of their little ones. Government plays a big role in between companies [Is and parents because, through their laws, par ents can be protected from harmful toys, and companies need to respect legislation in order to show society that they are a citizen company. But the final interest of government legislation is to secure order, health, and safety to their community but also to make sure that companies are still in good and healthy shape. Question 4 What do you think is the best way for society to protect children from harmful toys? Specifically, what are the appropriate roles for various stakeholders in this process? Children are our future and, as a society, it is our responsibility to protect their health. Unfortunately, manufacturers are not required to disclose their use of many toxic chemicals present in children’s products, preventing consumers from differentiating between a contaminated product and a safe product. I believe that, as a society, we should push the government to create stronger laws and requirements as well as to disclose all important information that we need to know before buying kids’ products in order to assure protection to our children from harmful toys. I believe that the appropriate role for various stakeholders is to have in mind that safety in kids Industry is a priority. So, while the implications of any recall may have negative effects on these parties in the short run acting with morality and seeking compliance with regulations and society rules as well as acting when a problem first arrives is the best way to minimize these implications in the long run. They should not wait any longer to communicate with society or make a necessary recall because the reputational implications may be worse. Also, the stakeholders’ final interest should be not only increase of profit but increase of profit through moral and respectful corporate citizenship which is regulated by government laws and society’s expectations. Conclusion In conclusion, my advice to Mattel in order to rebuild trust with its consumers and internal audiences is to maintain the standards and establish oversight committees to monitor and inspect products. In addition, Mattel needs to make sure that such recalls will not happen in the future because such a thing will make customers lose faith in the company. Therefore, Mattel must be committed to working with the Chinese government and manufacturers to promote and improve the safety of toys and other consumer products. Safety of toys is a matter of critical importance to society and parents, whether they are made in China or elsewhere around the world. Finally, Mattel should focus on working closely with its Chinese suppliers and government agencies operating within the toy industry trying to bring realistic quality control solutions for which it can be held accountable. Regaining consumer confidence and controlling the dissemination of product safety information requires strong corporate communicators who can delicately and deliberately balance supplier, customer, governmental, media, and investor relationships.